This Feature Application shows the huge potential that Nanolive cell imaging holds for neurobiological research. Our first case study shows a timeline of the morphological changes undifferentiated primary cortical neurons undergo after exposure to neurite stimulation media. High precision segmentations are used to calculate cell metrics (e.g. volume, shape and dry mass) of interest. These calculations are directly linked to novel behaviours observed in individual neurons. Our second and third case studies focus on the sub-cellular morphological changes that stem cells undergo during neural differentiation, at both the single cell (case study 2) and population level (case study 3).